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Objective: Treadmill training with an upward incline could improve gait parameters altered in persons with stroke, especially lower limb flexion. This study aimed to determine the effects of a treadmill single-session training with a 10% upward incline on biomechanical gait parameters in persons with stroke.

Methods: Fifteen persons with stroke-related hemiparesis performed a 20-min treadmill training session with a 10% ascending incline in this interventional pilot study. Spatiotemporal, kinematic and kinetic parameters were evaluated, overground, with a tridimensional optoelectronic system, before the session, immediately after and after a 20-min rest period.

Results: The single-session training on a treadmill with a 10% incline has significantly increased hip flexion peak on the paretic side (39.8°± 8.1 in baseline to 42.7°± 8.6 after the session, P < 0.001, large effect size) and knee flexion peak on the paretic side (39.9°± 11.6 in baseline to 43.1°± 11.7 after the session, P = 0.004, large effect size). Gait speed, other spatiotemporal gait parameters and propulsion on the paretic side were also significantly increased (P < 0.05, all large effects size). These short-term changes were maintained after the break.

Conclusions: A treadmill single-session training with a 10% upward incline induces biomechanical changes in people with stroke. The environmental constraints of this training could explain these biomechanical adaptations, concerning especially paretic hip and knee flexion.